Chokoleti yamkaka imakondedwa ndi ogula padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake okoma.Mcherewu ukhoza kupezeka muzokhwasula-khwasula zamitundu yonse, koma siwokhala wathanzi kwathunthu.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chokoleti chakuda chimakhala ndi mankhwala ambiri a phenolic, omwe angapereke antioxidant thanzi labwino, koma ndi chokoleti cholimba, chowawa.Masiku ano, ofufuza amafotokoza njira yatsopano yophatikizira chokoleti chamkaka ndi zikopa za mtedza ndi zinyalala zina kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu zake za antioxidant.
Ofufuzawa adapereka zotsatira zawo ku American Chemical Society (ACS) Virtual Conference ndi Expo mu Fall 2020. Msonkhano womwe unatha dzulo unali ndi mitu yambiri ya sayansi, ndi maphunziro oposa 6,000.
"Lingaliro la polojekitiyi lidayamba ndikuyesa zochitika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazaulimi, makamaka zikopa za mtedza," atero a Lisa Dean, wofufuza wamkulu wa polojekitiyi."Cholinga chathu choyamba chinali kuchotsa phenols pakhungu ndikupeza njira yosakaniza ndi chakudya."
Opanga akawotcha ndi kukonza mtedza kuti apange chiponde, masiwiti, ndi zinthu zina, amataya chikopa chofiira cha pepala chomwe chimakutira nyembazo m’zigoba.Matani masauzande a zikopa za mtedza amatayidwa chaka chilichonse, koma popeza ali ndi 15% phenolic compounds, ndi mgodi wa golide womwe ungakhalepo wa antioxidant biological zochita.Antioxidants sikuti amangopereka thanzi labwino, komanso amathandizira kupewa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya.
M'malo mwake, kupezeka kwachilengedwe kwa mankhwala a phenolic kumapatsa chokoleti chakuda kukoma kowawa.Poyerekeza ndi chokoleti cha mkaka wa msuweni, chimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso shuga.Mitundu yakuda imakhalanso yokwera mtengo kusiyana ndi mitundu ya mkaka chifukwa cha cocoa yapamwamba kwambiri, kotero kuwonjezera kwa zinyalala monga zikopa za mtedza kungapereke ubwino wofanana ndipo ndizotsika mtengo.Zikopa za mtedza sizomwe zimawononga zakudya zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera chokoleti cha mkaka motere.Ochita kafukufuku akufufuzanso njira zochotsera ndi kuphatikizira mankhwala a phenolic kuchokera ku zinyalala za khofi, tiyi wonyansa ndi zotsalira zina.
Pofuna kupanga chokoleti chawo cha mkaka chokhala ndi antioxidant, Dean ndi ofufuza ake ku United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service anagwira ntchito ndi kampani ya mtedza kupeza zikopa za mtedza.Kuyambira pamenepo, akupera khungu kukhala ufa kenako ntchito 70% Mowa kuchotsa phenolic mankhwala.Lignin yotsalayo ndi cellulose zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha ziweto.Amagwiranso ntchito ndi okazinga khofi am'deralo ndi opanga tiyi kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zomwezi kuti achotse ma antioxidants kuzinthu izi kuti apeze malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito a khofi ndi masamba a tiyi.The phenolic ufa ndiye wosakanizidwa ndi wamba chakudya chowonjezera maltodextrin kuti zikhale zosavuta kuphatikiza mu chomaliza mkaka chokoleti mankhwala.
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mchere wawo watsopano ukhoza kudutsa chikondwerero cha chakudya, ochita kafukufuku adapanga chokoleti chimodzi chomwe chimakhala ndi phenols kuchokera ku 0.1% mpaka 8.1%, ndipo aliyense ali ndi chidziwitso chophunzitsidwa kulawa.Cholinga chake ndi kupanga ufa wa phenolic mu kukoma kwa chokoleti cha mkaka kuti usawonekere.Oyesa kulawa adapeza kuti ndende yopitilira 0.9% imatha kuzindikirika, koma kuphatikiza utomoni wa phenolic pagulu la 0.8% kungawononge kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwachilengedwe popanda kupereka kukoma kapena kapangidwe.M'malo mwake, opitilira theka la oyesa kukoma amakonda 0,8% ya chokoleti yamkaka ya phenolic kuposa chokoleti yamkaka yosalamulirika.Chitsanzochi chimakhala ndi zochita zambiri za antioxidant kuposa chokoleti chakuda.
Ngakhale kuti zotsatirazi ndi zolimbikitsa, Dean ndi gulu lake lochita kafukufuku amavomerezanso kuti mtedza ndi vuto lalikulu la kusowa kwa chakudya.Anayesa ufa wa phenolic wopangidwa kuchokera pakhungu kuti ukhalepo kwa allergen.Ngakhale palibe zoletsa zomwe zidapezeka, iwo adati zinthu zomwe zili ndi khungu la mtedza ziyenera kulembedwabe kuti zili ndi mtedza.
Kenaka, ochita kafukufukuwo akukonzekera kuti apitirize kufufuza kugwiritsa ntchito zikopa za mtedza, malo a khofi ndi zinthu zina zowonongeka pazakudya zina.Makamaka, Dean akuyembekeza kuyesa ngati antioxidants mu zikopa za mtedza angatalikitse moyo wa alumali wa mafuta a mtedza, omwe amatha kuvunda mofulumira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta.Ngakhale malonda a chokoleti chake chowonjezera akadali kutali ndipo akuyenera kukhala ndi zovomerezeka ndi kampaniyo, akuyembekeza kuti kuyesetsa kwawo kupangitsa chokoleti cha mkaka pamashelefu abwino.

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