Ushokoledi wobisi uthandwa ngabathengi emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yobumnandi bawo kanye nokuthungwa okucwebezelayo.Le dessert ingatholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokudla okulula, kodwa ayinempilo ngokuphelele.Ngokuphambene, ushokoledi omnyama uqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-phenolic compounds, anganikeza izinzuzo zezempilo ze-antioxidant, kodwa futhi ushokoledi onzima, obabayo.Namuhla, abacwaningi babika indlela entsha yokuhlanganisa ushokoledi wobisi nezikhumba zamantongomane angcolile nezinye izinto ezilahlwayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zayo zokulwa ne-antioxidant.
Abacwaningi bethule imiphumela yabo engqungqutheleni ye-Virtual American Chemical Society (ACS) kanye ne-Expo ngo-Fall 2020. Ingqungquthela ephele izolo ibinezihloko eziningi zesayensi, ezinezinkulumo ezingaphezu kuka-6,000.
"Umbono wephrojekthi uqale ngokuhlola umsebenzi webhayoloji wezinhlobo ezahlukene zemfucuza yezolimo, ikakhulukazi izikhumba zamakinati," kusho uLisa Dean, umcwaningi omkhulu wale phrojekthi."Inhloso yethu yokuqala bekuwukukhipha ama-phenols esikhumbeni futhi sithole indlela yokuwaxuba nokudla."
Lapho abakhiqizi begazinga futhi begaya amantongomane ukuze benze ibhotela lamantongomane, amaswidi, neminye imikhiqizo, balahla isikhumba esibomvu esisonga ubhontshisi emagobolondweni awo.Izinkulungwane zamathani ezikhumba zamakinati ziyalahlwa minyaka yonke, kodwa njengoba ziqukethe ama-phenolic compounds angu-15%, zingamayini yegolide engaba khona ye-antioxidant biological activity.Ama-Antioxidants awanikezi nje kuphela izinzuzo zezempilo ezilwa nokuvuvukala, kodwa futhi asiza ukuvimbela ukubola kokudla.
Eqinisweni, ukuba khona kwemvelo kwama-phenolic compounds kunikeza ushokoledi omnyama ukunambitheka okubabayo.Uma kuqhathaniswa noshokoledi wobisi lomzala, unamafutha amancane noshukela.Izinhlobo ezimnyama nazo zibiza kakhulu kunezinhlobo zobisi ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwazo okuphezulu kwe-cocoa, ngakho-ke ukungezwa kwemfucuza njengezikhumba zamakinati kunganikeza izinzuzo ezifanayo futhi akubizi.Izikhumba zamakinati akuzona kuphela imfucuza yokudla engathuthukisa ushokoledi wobisi ngale ndlela.Abacwaningi baphinde bahlole izindlela zokukhipha nokuhlanganisa amakhompiyutha e-phenolic kusuka kumfucumfucu wekhofi, itiye elingcolile nezinye izinsalela zokudla.
Ukwakha ushokoledi wabo wobisi owenziwe ngcono nge-antioxidant, uDean kanye nabacwaningi bakhe eMnyangweni Wezolimo wase-United States (i-USDA) Agricultural Research Service basebenze nenkampani yamakinati ukuze bathole izikhumba zamakinati.Ukusuka lapho, bagaya isikhumba sibe yimpushana bese besebenzisa i-ethanol engu-70% ukuze bakhiphe ama-phenolic compounds.I-lignin ne-cellulose esele ingasetshenziswa njengokudla kwezilwane ukuze kusetshenziswe i-roughage.Baphinde basebenze nabagazingi bekhofi bendawo kanye nabakhiqizi betiye ukuze basebenzise izindlela ezifanayo ukukhipha ama-antioxidants kulezi zinto zokwenziwa ukuze bathole izindawo zekhofi ezisetshenzisiwe namaqabunga etiye.Khona-ke i-phenolic powder ixutshwa ne-maltodextrin ehlanganisa ukudla evamile ukuze kube lula ukuyifaka emkhiqizweni wokugcina kashokoledi wobisi.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-dessert yabo entsha ingadlula umkhosi wokudla, abacwaningi badala ushokoledi owodwa wesikwele lapho ukuhlushwa kwama-phenols kusuka ku-0.1% kuya ku-8.1%, futhi wonke umuntu unomqondo oqeqeshiwe wokunambitha.Inhloso ukwenza i-phenolic powder ekunambithekeni kukashokoledi wobisi ingabonakali.Abahloli bokunambitha bathole ukuthi ukugxila okungaphezu kuka-0.9% kungatholwa, kodwa ukufakwa kwe-phenolic resin ekuhlanganisweni kuka-0.8% kungalimaza amazinga aphezulu omsebenzi webhayoloji ngaphandle kokudela ukunambitheka noma ukuthungwa.Eqinisweni, ngaphezu kwesigamu sabahloli bokunambitheka bancamela ushokoledi wobisi we-phenolic ongu-0.8% kunoshokoledi wobisi ongalawuleki.Lesi sampula sinomsebenzi ophakeme wamakhemikhali wokulwa ne-antioxidant kuneningi likashokoledi omnyama.
Nakuba le miphumela ikhuthaza, uDean nethimba lakhe labacwaningi nabo bayavuma ukuthi amakinati ayinkinga enkulu yokungezwani nokudla.Bahlole impushana ye-phenolic eyenziwe ngesikhumba ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona izinto ezingezwani nomzimba.Yize zingakatholakali izinto ezingezwani nomzimba, bathe imikhiqizo equkethe isikhumba samantongomane kusafanele ibhalwe ukuthi iqukethe amakinati.
Okulandelayo, abacwaningi bahlela ukuqhubeka nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwezikhumba zamantongomane, izizinda zekhofi kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokulahlwa kokunye ukudla.Ikakhulukazi, uDean unethemba lokuhlola ukuthi ama-antioxidants esikhumbeni samantongomane angakwazi yini ukunweba impilo yeshalofu yamabhotela amantongomane, angabola ngokushesha ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo kwamafutha amaningi.Nakuba ukuthengiswa koshokoledi othuthukisiwe kusekude futhi kudinga igunya lobunikazi yinkampani, bathemba ukuthi imizamo yabo ekugcineni izokwenza ushokoledi wobisi osemashalofini esitolo ube ngcono.

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