Thaum ib tug kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb pom cov kab ntawm cacao residue nyob rau hauv Puebloan lub tog raj kheej haus hub ib xyoo caum dhau los, qhov cuam tshuam loj heev.Nws qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes tau ua pov thawj tias cov neeg nyob rau sab hnub poob suab puam hauv Chaco Canyon tau ua lag luam nrog cov chaw sov Mesoamerican cacao-harvesters, zoo li Maya, txog li 900 CE.

Tab sis cov hlab ntsha haus yog qhov tseem ceeb npaum li cov chocolate zais hauv lawv.Lawv nyob ua pov thawj ntawm ib qho kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev ua cov tais diav uas tseem nyob hauv cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Chaco Canyon Puebloans niaj hnub no.

Thaum xyoo 1900s, Smithsonian National Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Natural History tau koom nrog kev tshawb fawb archaeological uas tau sau qee lub tog raj kheej los ntawm Chaco Canyon.Ob tug ntawm lawv tam sim no tso rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej "Cov khoom ntawm Wonder" nthuav tawm.Cov rhawv zeb tau txais yog ib qho kev ceeb toom ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej colonial yav dhau los, tab sis tam sim no lub tsev khaws puav pheej cov kws tshawb fawb muaj lub hom phiaj tshiab rau cov hub thiab lwm yam tais diav: txhawm rau txuas lawv nrog cov neeg hauv paus txawm uas yog tus thawj coj kev coj noj coj ua hauv lawv cov zej zog.

Piv txwv li, lub tsev khaws puav pheej Cov Kev Pabcuam Rov Qab Los ua haujlwm nrog cov zej zog hauv paus txawm zoo li Hopi xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Chaco Puebloans kom nkag siab zoo dua cov kev cai ua cov tais diav.Nws kuj coj tau cov potters tsim los rau hauv cov khoom sau kom lawv tuaj yeem kawm tau rau tiam tom ntej.

"Peb yuav tsum lees paub tias lub ntiaj teb tau hloov pauv ntau thiab ntau lub tsev cia puav pheej tau nkag mus rau qhov chaw uas tej zaum lawv yuav tsum tsis muaj.Tam sim no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau zaum rov qab mloog cov neeg thiab cov zej zog loj yuav tsum qhia peb, "hais tias Dr. Torben Rick, tus Curator ntawm North American Archaeology ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej."Ntau npaum li cas tuaj yeem tawm ntawm qhov ntawd.Kuv xav tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm kom txav mus tom ntej thiab sim ua kom cov zej zog tsom mus rau yav tom ntej.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, Chaco Canyon sai sai pom qhov kawg ntawm lub tog raj kheej haus hub.Puebloans tau ntim ib ncig ntawm 112 lub hub rau hauv ib chav hauv Pueblo Bonito thiab tom qab ntawd muab chav rau hluav taws.Txawm hais tias lawv khaws cia haus chocolate, lawv tsis siv lub tog raj kheej hub, hais tias cov hub yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntseeg zoo li cacao nws tus kheej.

“Cov nkoj tau pom tias muaj zog thiab raug puas tsuaj nrog hluav taws.Cov pov thawj qhia tau hais tias lawv yog cov nkoj tshwj xeeb, "said Dr. Patricia Crown, tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm University of New Mexico, uas pom cov cacao nyob rau hauv lub hub."Lub tog raj kheej hub tau xaus, thaum haus chocolate tsis tau."

Tom qab lub thawv hluav taws kub hauv xyoo 1100 CE, cov neeg Ancestral Pueblo tau hloov mus haus cacao tawm ntawm mugs.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov chocolate lub tog raj kheej lub thawv ritual yog ploj hauv lub sijhawm.

Kev kawm cov tais diav tuaj yeem pab tau rau cov kws tshawb fawb xav paub ntxiv txog kev sib pauv nyuaj ntawm Southwest thiab Mesoamerica.hub, mugs los yog tais nrog cov duab zoo sib xws yuav siv tau rau cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws hauv ntau haiv neeg.

Hauv podcast tsis ntev los no, Crown piav qhia qhov twg nws lub tswv yim los sim Chaco jars rau cacao keeb kwm.Nws tab tom tham nrog tus kws tshaj lij Mayan uas tau qhia tias Mayan jars tau siv los haus dej cawv, thiab Crown xav paub seb Chaco jars puas tau siv tib yam.Lub thawv duab qhia rau Crown tias tuaj yeem muaj kev txav mus los ntawm cov tswv yim thiab kev ua yeeb yam nrog rau lub cev chocolate.

Crown hais tias "Tsis muaj phab ntsa ntawm ciam teb ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Mexico, tso cai rau kev sib cuam tshuam, tswv yim thiab kev lag luam tawm mus," Crown hais."Nws pab peb xav txog qhov txawv li cas 1000 xyoo dhau los thaum peb saib peb nyob qhov twg tam sim no."

Puebloans tau ua lag luam ntau dua li cacao.Lawv sib pauv tswv yim, parrots, lwm yam khoom noj, thiab cov txheej txheem ua cov tais diav nrog kev vam meej thoob plaws hemisphere.

"Qhov no txhais tau hais tias muaj cov neeg sau qoob loo hauv hav zoov Mesoamerican thiab ua lag luam los ntawm lub network loj heev kom ncav cuag cov neeg nyob rau sab hnub poob.Nws qhia txog kev paub dav dav uas tib neeg muaj, "Rick hais."Nyob rau hauv peb lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub ntiaj teb no, peb feem ntau tsis xav txog tib neeg, pre-internet thiab kev thauj mus los ua ntej, raws li muaj cov kev sib txuas no ntau dua 1000 xyoo dhau los."

Chaco Canyon National Historic Park hauv New Mexico tsis zoo ib yam li nws tau ua dhau los Puebloans.Tab sis lub hav txwv yeem tsis tau poob nws txoj kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ntseeg tseem ceeb rau Chaco Canyon cov xeeb ntxwv.Cov pab pawg, suav nrog Hopi, txuas ntxiv lees paub Chaco Canyon ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov kev coj noj coj ua.

Dr. Gwyn Isaac, tus saib xyuas ntawm North American Indigenous Culture ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej hais tias "Ib yam tseem ceeb tsis yog yuav mus rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev ploj ntawm tag nrho kev vam meej,"“Tseem muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov chaw no thiab qhov ntawd yog li cas lub lauj kaub tais diav los rau hauv nws lub ntsiab lus.Qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov tswv yim thiab cov qauv tsim uas tau nqa los ntawm lub lauj kaub tais diav tseem yog ib feem ntawm yuav ua li cas lub lauj kaub tais diav muaj nuj nqis niaj hnub no. "

Recovering Voices yog ib hom lus thiab kev coj noj coj ua uas txhawb nqa cov zej zog hauv paus txawm nrog Smithsonian sau.Piv txwv li, Hopi potters siv cov khoom sau los pab txhawb kev paub sib txawv hauv lawv cov zej zog thiab koom tes nrog Smithsonian los txhim kho nws txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov khoom sau los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig hauv paus txawm.

“Peb muaj potters los ntawm Hopi tuaj ua hauj lwm ntawm kev sau nrog peb.Lawv siv tag nrho cov kev paub uas lawv tsim los ntawm kev mus xyuas los pab cov tub ntxhais hluas kawm txog cov tais diav, ”Isaac hais.“Cov neeg xav tias muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog lub lauj kaub tais diav.Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev txuas mus rau yav dhau los thiab tam sim no. "

Yav dhau los, Chaco cylinder hub tau siv los haus dej cawv.Txawm hais tias lawv tsis siv rau lub hom phiaj ntawd, lawv tsis muaj lub hom phiaj.Lawv ua pov thawj tias txoj kev lag luam muaj zog ntawm Southwest thiab tropics muaj nyob thiab lawv kuj tseem muaj keeb kwm nyob rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm pab pawg neeg potters.

"Chaco Canyon thiab nws cov lauj kaub tais diav yog qhov taw qhia rau cov zej zog ntawm kev txuas ntxiv, tsis tawg," Isaac hais.“Rau cov zej zog no, cov no yog cov tswv yim uas ib txwm muaj.Tab sis rau archaeologists thiab anthropologists, peb yuav tsum tau kawm zoo dua los ntawm cov zej zog hais tias cov chaw no txhais li cas rau lawv. "

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