He aha nā kīʻaha inu kokoleka e haʻi ai i nā potera ʻōiwi i kēia manawa |Nā Leo Smithsonian |National Museum of Natural History

I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea kālaihonua i ke koena o ka cacao i loko o nā ipu inu ʻo Puebloan cylinder i hoʻokahi ʻumi makahiki i hala, ua nui nā hopena.Ua ʻike ʻia kona loaʻa ʻana i ke kokoleka ua kūʻai aku ka poʻe noho wao nahele Hema ma Chaco Canyon me nā mea ʻohi cacao Mesoamerican, e like me ka Maya, a hiki i ka makahiki 900 CE.

Akā, he mea nui nā ipu inu e like me ke kokoleka huna i loko.He mau hōʻoia ola lākou o kahi kuʻuna hana ipu lepo ikaika e hoʻomau nei i nā ʻohana mamo o ka Chaco Canyon Puebloans i kēia mau lā.

I ka makahiki mua o 1900, ua hui ka Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History i kahi huakaʻi archaeological i hōʻiliʻili i kekahi o nā moku cylinder mai Chaco Canyon.Hōʻike ʻia ʻelua o lākou i kēia manawa ma ka hōʻikeʻike ʻo "Nā Mea Kupanaha".He mea hoʻomanaʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ipu i ka wā kahiko o ka hale hōʻikeʻike, akā i kēia manawa he kumu hou ko ka poʻe anthropologists o ka hale hōʻikeʻike no nā ipu a me nā ipu lepo ʻē aʻe: e hoʻopili iā lākou me nā poʻe ʻōiwi e alakaʻi nei i ka hoʻōla moʻomeheu i ko lākou mau kaiāulu.

No ka laʻana, hana pū ka papahana Recovering Voices o ka hale hōʻikeʻike me nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi e like me nā mamo Hopi o ka Chaco Puebloans e hoʻomaopopo pono i nā kuʻuna hana ipu lepo.Lawe pū ia i nā potera i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻohi i hiki iā lākou ke aʻo iā ia no ka hanauna e hiki mai ana.

"Pono mākou e ʻike ua loli nui ka honua a ua nui nā hale moʻomeheu i loaʻa i nā wahi i ʻole pono lākou.I kēia manawa he mea nui e noho i hope a hoʻolohe i nā mea a nā kānaka a me nā kaiāulu nui e haʻi mai iā mākou, "wahi a Kauka Torben Rick, ka Curator o North American Archeology ma ka hale hōʻikeʻike."He nui nā mea hiki ke puka mai i kēlā.Manaʻo wau he mea nui i ka Natural History Museum e neʻe i mua a e hoʻāʻo e lilo i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaiāulu i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 12, ʻike koke ʻo Chaco Canyon i ka pau ʻana o nā ipu inu pahu.Hoʻopili nā Puebloans ma kahi o 112 o nā ipu i loko o kahi lumi ma Pueblo Bonito a laila puhi i ka lumi i ke ahi.ʻOiai ua hoʻomau lākou i ka inu ʻana i ke kokoleka, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohana hou i nā hue cylinder, me ka manaʻo ʻana he mea koʻikoʻi nā ipu e like me ka cacao ponoʻī.

“Ua ʻike ʻia nā moku he ikaika a ua luku ʻia i ke ahi.Hōʻike nā mea hōʻike he mau moku kūikawā lākou, "wahi a Kauka Patricia Crown, he kanaka kālaihonua ma ke Kulanui o New Mexico, nāna i ʻike i ka cacao i loko o nā ipu."Ua pau nā hue pahu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i pau ka inu kokoleka."

Ma hope o ke ahi pahu i ka makahiki 1100 CE, ua neʻe ka poʻe Ancestral Pueblo i ka inu koko mai loko mai o nā kīʻaha.Ua nalowale nā ​​kikoʻī o kā lākou hana kīʻaha kokoleka i ka manawa.

He mea pono ke aʻo ʻana i ka ipu lepo no nā ʻepekema makemake e aʻo hou e pili ana i ka hoʻololi paʻakikī ma waena o ke Komohana Hema a me Mesoamerica.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ipu, nā kīʻaha a me nā kīʻaha me nā ʻano like ʻole no nā hanana like ʻole ma nā hui like ʻole.

Ma kahi podcast hou, wehewehe ʻo Crown i kahi i hoʻomaka ai kona manaʻo e hoʻāʻo i nā pahu Chaco no ka cacao.E kamaʻilio ana ʻo ia me kahi loea Mayan nāna i hōʻike ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ipu Mayan no ka inu kokoleka, a ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Crown inā ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ipu Chaco ma ke ʻano like.ʻO ke ʻano o ka ipu hao i hōʻike ʻia iā Crown e hiki ke neʻe nui ʻia nā manaʻo a me nā kuʻuna a me ke kokoleka kino.

"ʻAʻohe pā ma ka palena ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Mekiko, e ʻae ana i ka launa pū ʻana, nā manaʻo a me nā waiwai kālepa e neʻe i hope a i waho" wahi a Crown."He mea kōkua ia iā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano o nā mea like ʻole i 1000 mau makahiki i hala ke nānā nei mākou i ko mākou wahi i kēia manawa."

Ua ʻoi aku ke kālepa ʻana o nā Puebloans ma mua o ka cacao.Ua hoʻololi lākou i nā manaʻo, nā parrots, nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, a me nā ʻenehana hana ipu lepo me nā moʻomeheu a puni ka honua.

"ʻO ia ke ʻano he poʻe e ʻohi ana i ka cacao ma nā ululāʻau Mesoamerican a kūʻai aku iā ia ma o kahi pūnaewele nui e hiki aku ai i nā poʻe ma ke komohana hema.Hōʻike ia i ka waihona ʻike nui i loaʻa i ka poʻe," wahi a Rick."I ko mākou honua honua hou, ʻaʻole mākou e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka poʻe, pre-internet a me pre-mass transit, me ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau ʻano pili ma mua o 1000 mau makahiki i hala."

ʻAʻole like ke ʻano o ka Chaco Canyon National Historic Park ma New Mexico me ko Puebloans i hala.ʻAʻole naʻe i nalowale ka moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻomana o ka canyon no nā mamo a Chaco Canyon.Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻohana, me ka Hopi, i ka Chaco Canyon ma ke ʻano he mea nui o kā lākou kuʻuna.

"ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui ʻaʻole e kūʻai i ka manaʻo o ka nalo ʻana o kēia lāhui holoʻokoʻa," wahi a Kauka Gwyn Isaac, ka Curator o North American Indigenous Culture ma ka hale hōʻikeʻike.“Aia ka nui o ka pilina ma kēia mau wahi a pēlā nō ke ʻano o ka ipu lepo.ʻO ke ola a me nā manaʻo a me nā hoʻolālā i lawe ʻia me ka ipu lepo he mea nui loa ia o ka waiwai o ka ipu lepo i kēia lā.

ʻO Recovering Voices kahi papahana hoʻōla ʻōlelo a moʻomeheu e hoʻohui i nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi me nā hōʻiliʻili Smithsonian.No ka laʻana, hoʻohana nā potters Hopi i nā hōʻiliʻili e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ʻike o waena o nā hanauna i ko lākou mau kaiaulu ponoʻī a hui pū me ka Smithsonian e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona ʻike i nā hōʻiliʻili e pili ana i nā waiwai ʻōiwi.

“He mau potera mai Hopi mai makou e hana i na ohi me makou.Hoʻohana lākou i ka ʻike a pau a lākou e loaʻa ai mai ka huakaʻi e kōkua i nā hanauna ʻōpio e aʻo e pili ana i ka ipu lepo, "wahi a Isaac.“Ke manaʻo nei ka poʻe i ka pili pono a pili i ko lākou mau kūpuna ma o ka hana ʻana me ka ipu lepo.He ala ia e hoʻopili ai i ka wā i hala a me kēia manawa. "

I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kīʻaha Chaco cylinder e inu kokoleka.ʻOiai ʻaʻole hoʻohana hou ʻia lākou no ia kumu, ʻaʻole lākou he kumu ʻole.He mau hōʻike koʻikoʻi lākou he ala kalepa ikaika ma waena o ke Komohana Hema a me nā mea ʻoluʻolu a ke ola nei nō hoʻi lākou i ka mōʻaukala no nā potera ʻohana mamo.

"ʻO Chaco Canyon a me kāna ipu lepo nā hōʻailona no kēia mau kaiāulu o ka hoʻomau, ʻaʻole i haki," wahi a Isaac.“No kēia mau kaiāulu, he mau manaʻo kēia i mau ma laila.Akā, no nā kālaihonua a me nā anthropologists, pono mākou e hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi ʻia e kēia mau kaiāulu i ke ʻano o kēia mau wahi iā lākou.

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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jul-09-2020